Self Driving cars or autonomous cars

In this article I talk about Self Driving cars which is also known as Driverless cars. Because of these inventions we think that how the science and technology grows.

Defination:

Autonomous car  is a car which is controlled by the Computer. These cars is capable of sensing environment and take a movement without human input.

Autonomous cars is a combination of  variety of sensors which helps the car to sense the surrounding. This generally consist of GPS , Radar , Lidar , Sonar , Odometry and Inertial Measurement Units.

History:

Since 1920s There Is a lot of experiments conducted on Autonomous cars. The first Autonomous car is made in 1977 by Japan at Tsukuba Mechanical Engineering Laboratory. The vehicle tracked white street markers, which were interpreted by two cameras on the vehicle, using an analog computer for signal processing. It's generally runs at the speed 30km/h. With the support of elevated rail.

Classification:

It was generally classified into 5 levels: 

1. Level 0: Automated system issues warnings and may momentarily intervene but has no sustained vehicle control.

2. Level 1: The driver and automated system shares the control of car. For example Adaptive cruise control  where the driver control the steering and automated system controls the speed. Parking assistance  where the automated system controls the steering and driver controls the speed Lane keeping assistance  where the driver is ready to take full control of car at any time.

3. Level 2: It's a situation where the driver do some other task like text , calling etc. Under this the brakes and speed under the control of automated system.

4. Level 3: In this level the driver can sleep and leave the driver seat but this self driving only works on some special situation like traffic  jam  or  the car at a safe trip that the car parked automatically if the driver did not ready  to retake the control.

5. Level 5: No human intervention is required at all. An example would be a robotic taxi.

Semi-automated vehicles:

These vehicles are not fully automated like the control is vary between the driver and automated system. Generally automated system controls the speed and the gear system.