What is Automation

What is Automation??

Automation is a Technology by which a process can done without human assistant. It can done any work better then human in a less time. There is a Control Systems which is used to control machinery , heavy loads , heat treating ovens. Mostly these are used in industries.

The term World Bank's report shows that the industries which is open in 2019 are fully Automated there is a less workers which only controls the machine.

Types Of Control loops:

1. Open control loops: In open loop control the control action from the controller is independent of the "process output" (or "controlled process variable"). A good example of this is a central heating boiler controlled only by a timer, so that heat is applied for a constant time, regardless of the temperature of the building. (The control action is the switching on/off of the boiler. The process output is the building temperature).

2. Closed control loops: In closed loop control, the control action from the controller is dependent on the process output. In the case of the boiler analogy this would include a thermostat to monitor the building temperature, and thereby feed back a signal to ensure the controller maintains the building at the temperature set on the thermostat. A closed loop controller therefore has a feedback loop which ensures the controller exerts a control action to give a process output the same as the "Reference input" or "set point". For this reason, closed loop controllers are also called feedback controllers.

History:

It preoccupation of Greeks from 300 BC to 1200 AD. They introduced a Float rrgulator for a water clock. This was the earliest feedback of mechanisms. In the 14th century They made a water clock. It's feedback is a Obsolete.

Industrial revolution In Western Europe:

There Is lot of invention has been introduced like ( self driven machines , boilers , steam engine and grain mills).

Pressure regulator ( invented in 1681) Float regulator (invented in 1700) Speed control and other inventions like The Sails of Windmill were made by Edmund Lee in 1745.

In 1771 Richard Arkwright invented the fully Automated Wheel which was run by the water power. In 1785 Oliver Evans makes a fully automated Flour Wheel. It was the first invention which was fully automated.

20th Century:

Relay Logic was introduced with factory electrification, which underwent rapid adaption from 1900 though the 1920s. Central electric power stations were also undergoing rapid growth and operation of new high pressure boilers, steam turbines and electrical substations created a large demand for instruments and controls. Central control rooms became common in the 1920s, but as late as the early 1930s, most process control was on-off. Operators typically monitored charts drawn by recorders that plotted data from instruments. To make corrections, operators manually opened or closed valves or turned switches on or off. Control rooms also used color coded lights to send signals to workers in the plant to manually make certain changes.

In the first and the second world war we saw some advancement in the field of  Mass Communication and Signal. Other automatic controls include differential theory, Stability and System theory (invented in 1938), Frequency Domain Analysis (invented in 1940),  Ship Control (invented in 1950), Stochastic Analysis (invented in 1941).

Social Impact:

Increased automation can often cause workers to feel anxious about losing their jobs as technology renders their skills or experience unnecessary. Early in the Industrial Revolution, when inventions like the steam engine were making some job categories expendable, workers forcefully resisted these changes. Luddites, for instance, were English textile workers who protested the introduction of weaving machines by destroying them.[45] Similar movements have sprung up periodically ever since. For most of the nineteenth and twentieth centuries, the most influential of these movements were led by organized labor, which advocated for the retraining of workers whose jobs were rendered redundant by machines. More recently, some residents of Chandler, Arizona have slashed tires and pelted rocks at driver-less cars, in protest over the cars' perceived threat to human safety and job prospects.

Currently, the relative anxiety about automation reflected in opinion polls seems to correlate closely with the strength of organized labor in that region or nation. For example, while a recent study by the Pew Research Center indicated that 72% of Americans are worried about increasing automation in the workplace, 80% of Swedes see automation and artificial intelligence as a good thing, due to the country’s still-powerful unions and a more robust national safety net.

Automation is already contributing significantly to unemployment, particularly in nations where the government does not proactively seek to diminish its impact. In the United States, 47% of all current jobs have the potential to be fully automated by 2033, according to the research of experts Carl Benedikt Frey and Michael Osborne. Furthermore, wages and educational attainment appear to be strongly negatively correlated with an occupation’s risk of being automated. Prospects are particularly bleak for occupations that do not presently require a university degree, such as truck driving. Even in high-tech corridors like Silicon Valley, concern is spreading about a future in which a sizable percentage of adults have little chance of sustaining gainful employment.[50] As the example of Sweden suggests, however, the transition to a more automated future need not inspire panic, if there is sufficient political will to promote the retraining of workers whose positions are being rendered obsolete.